If you live somewhere that gets truly cold in winter, frostbite is one more risk to keep on your radar—especially if your dog spends time outdoors in freezing temperatures, wind, or wet conditions. Frostbite isn’t super common in most family pets, but it can happen, and early action can make a big difference.

Below are the most common signs of frostbite in dogs, where it usually shows up, and what to do if you suspect your pup has been affected.

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6 Common Signs of Frostbite in Dogs

1) Skin looks blue or grayish

One of the earliest warning signs of frostbite is skin that appears bluish, pale, or gray with a blue tint. On long-haired dogs, this can be hard to spot—so gently part the fur in multiple areas if you’re concerned.

2) Skin feels unusually cold to the touch

Frostbitten tissue often stays colder than normal, even after your dog comes inside. When you touch the area, it may not warm up quickly with your body heat the way it typically would.

3) Swelling and pain

As tissue freezes, it can swell. Sometimes the swelling is subtle—other times it’s more obvious. The area may also be painful. If your dog yelps, flinches, growls, or acts protective when you touch a spot, take that seriously—especially if other signs are present.

4) Blisters or sores

Frostbite can damage skin enough to cause blistering or ulcer-like sores. You might notice swelling followed by blisters later. Keep in mind that blisters can also come from other injuries, so consider the full picture (cold exposure + other symptoms).

5) Skin turns black

Blackened skin is a major red-flag sign and may indicate tissue death (necrosis). This is considered severe frostbite and requires immediate veterinary care. Even if your dog is no longer exposed to cold, damage can continue and worsen without treatment.

6) It shows up on the paws, ears, and tail

Frostbite most often affects body parts with less protection and more exposure:

• Paws (often first, especially in snow/ice)
• Ears
• Tail

Paws may show symptoms sooner, while ears and tails can take longer to look abnormal. If it’s wet, snowy, or windy, dry these areas often and limit outdoor time.

How Cold Is “Too Cold” for a Dog?

A dog’s cold tolerance varies a lot depending on:

• Size (smaller dogs lose heat faster)
• Age (puppies and seniors are at higher risk)
• Breed and coat thickness
• Overall health
• Wind and moisture (wet fur + wind chill increases risk)

Some frostbite signs appear right away after exposure, while others can show up a day or two later. If your dog was out in extreme cold, keep an eye on them for the next couple of days.

What to Do If You Suspect Frostbite

Don’t:

• Don’t rub the area (this can worsen tissue damage)
• Don’t apply direct heat like heating pads, hot water, or a blow dryer (burn risk and additional injury)

Do:

• Warm gently using towels or your body heat
• Contact a veterinarian or emergency clinic ASAP
• Monitor closely for changes over the next 24–48 hours

When to Seek Emergency Vet Care

Contact a vet right away if your dog has any of the following after cold exposure:

• Blue/gray skin that doesn’t improve
• Intense pain, swelling, or sensitivity to touch
• Blisters or open sores
• Any blackened skin
• Limping or refusal to walk

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Winter Prevention Tips

• Keep outdoor trips short during extreme cold
• Use booties or paw wax when needed
• Dry paws, ears, and tail after being outside
• Avoid icy puddles and wet snow that soaks fur
• Consider a coat or sweater for small or short-haired dogs
• Never leave a dog outdoors unattended in freezing conditions

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you suspect frostbite or any emergency, contact a veterinarian immediately.

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